PART I

Answer all 59 questions in this part. [65]

Directions (1-59): For each statement or question, select the word or
expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or 
answers the question. 

1 Normally, when the concentration of glucose in the blood falls below
a certain level, stored glucose reenters the blood until the original
concentration is reached again. This regulation of the concentration 
of blood glucose is part of the process known as

1 synthesis            3 pinocytosis
2 respiration          4 homeostasis

2 The table below gives both the common and scientific names for 
five New York State vertebrates.

Which two vertebrates are most closely related

(1) A and B        (3) C and D
(2) B and E        (4) A and D

3 Which statement is not a part of the cell theory

1 Cells are the basic unit of structure of living things.
2 Cells are the basic unit of function of living things.
3 Cell parts such as chloroplasts are self-replicating.
4 Cells come from preexisting cells.

4 Which cell organelle is most directly involve with the bonding of 
amino acids?

1 mitochondrion
2 endoplasmic reticulum
3 cell wall
4 ribosome

5 In a chemical analysis of a sample of animal tissue, which element 
would most likely be found in the smallest quantity?

1 hydrogen             3 iodine
2 carbon                 4 oxygen

6 In the enzyme-controlled reaction represented by the word equation
below, which molecules are considered the substrate?

monosaccharide + monosaccharide ® disaccharide + water

1 monosaccharide and monosaccharide
2 disaccharide and water
3 monosaccharide and water
4 monosaccharide and disaccharide

7 Which statement about enzymes is not correct?

1 Enzymes are composed of polypeptide chains.
2 Enzymes form a temporary association with a reactant.
3 Enzymes are destroyed when they are used and must be 
synthesized for each reaction.
4 Enzymes are specific because of their shape and catalyze 
only certain reactions.

8 Some deep-sea bacteria live near submerged volcanoes and make 
their own food using energy derived from minerals coming from the
volcanoes. These bacteria would be classified as

1 heterotrophic          3 photosynthetic
2 autotrophic,           4 abiotic

9 The single opening of the hydra and the pseudopodia of the ameba 
are both involved in the process of

1 regulation           3 active transport
2 ingestion           4 sexual reproduction

10 In the diagram below, what do the arrows most likely illustrate?

1 the pathway of food within the digestive tract
2 the distribution of indigestible material by a pulsating blood 
vessel
3 the route blood takes as it is distributed into sinuses in an 
open circulatory system
4 the movement of hemoglobin throughout a closed circulatory 
system

11 In most plants, specialized epidermal cells which absorb water 
and minerals are found in the

1 roots             3 lenticels
2 stems            4 flowers

12 In most simple multicellular plants and in hydra, transport through
out the organism is a result of diffusion through

1 tracheal tubes
2 vascular tissue
3 gastrovascular cavities
4 cell membranes

13 Bacteria that can survive without oxygen are described as

1 aerobic               3 heterotrophic
2 anaerobic           4 saprophytic

14 By which process is the potential energy of organic molecules 
transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells?

1 digestion               3 photosynthesis
2 hydrolysis             4 respiration

15 The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between internal leaf
cells and the external environment will occur most efficiently if

1 the surfaces of these cells are dry and the stomates are closed
2 these cells are dry and the stomates are open
3 the surfaces of these cells are moist and the stomates are open
4 these cells are moist and the stomates are closed

16 A metabolic waste of algae that can be recycle for use in cellular
respiration is 

1 sodium                  3 carbon dioxide
2 organic acid           4 oxygen

17 A paramecium eliminates excess water by mean of 

1 contractile vacuoles          3 an oral groove
2 lysosomes                       4 a nucleolus

18 Effectors are best described as

1 organs that interpret stimuli
2 structures that respond to stimuli
3 tissues that initiate stimuli
4 cells that transmit stimuli

19 In the process of regulation, both dandelion and grasshoppers 
utilize

1 hormones, only
2 nerves, only
3 hormones and nerves
4 auxins and tropisms

20 The ability of an organism to obtain food, seek shelter, and avoid 
predators is most direct related to the function of

1 reproduction         3 locomotion
2 egestion                4 excretion

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